Minds Are Open Only When Hearts Are Opened Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Minds Are Open Only When Hearts Are Opened Argumentative Essay Gandhi, as he was popularly called, proved that non-violence is the most effective instrument of social change. His teachings are promoted even today to avoid violence and find peaceful solutions to conflicts. Through his sheer dedication and self-belief, Gandhi freed India from the British Raja (British Rule). He proved to the world that freedom can be achieved through the path of non. Violence. For Gandhi Non-violence and Truth were two inalienable virtues. He summed up the entire philosophy of his life as : The only virtue I want to claim is truth and non-violence. I lay no claim to super human powers want none. The United Nations General Assembly announced on 15th June, 2007 that October 2nd will be celebrated as the International Day of Non-Violence. Some of the famous quotes by Mahatma Gandhi have been listed below: * Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. ;k Fear is not a disease of the body; fear kills the soul. ;k The principle of majority does not work when differences on fundamentals are involved. * Freedom is not worth having if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes. It is better to be violent, if there is violence in our hearts, than to put on the cloak of nonviolence to cover impotence. * It is unwise to be too sure of ones own wisdom. It is healthy to be reminded that the strongest might weaken and the wisest might err. ;k You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty. * Honest differences are often a he althy sign Of progress. * Whatever you do may be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it. O, Apostle of Peace, O, Teachers of co-operation, l, your little child, Offer you my salutation. When we think of you, We remember Truth and Non-violence, And we cherish your memories, With almost reverence. You taught us with your Charka, That India will always progress, May you give us strength, And our efforts always bless, You gave our country freedom, And gave us faith and hope, The country of your dreams will work together, As if tied by a divine rope. You, Father of this Nation, Gave our country birth, And generation to come Will hardly believe, That people such as you walked the Earth Mohammad Grammarian Gandhi (pronounced grammarian @a. Dhal ( listen); 2 October 1869 30 January 1948), commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi or Papua (Father of Nation), was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India. Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world-121 Gandhi became famous by fighting for the civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Afri ca, using new techniques of non-violent civil disobedience that he developed. Returning to India in 1915, he set about organizing peasants to protest excessive land-taxes. A lifelong opponent of communality (i. E. Basing politics on religion) he reached out widely to all religious groups. He became a leader of Muslims protesting the declining status of the Caliphate, Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1321, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding womens rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending intractability, increasing economic self-reliance, and above all for achieving Swards-?the independence of India from British domination. Early life Mohammad Grammarian Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 in Paperboard, a coastal town which was then part of the Bombay Presidency, British India. His father, Grammarian Gandhi (1822-1885), served as the dawn (chief minister) of Provender state, a small princely salute state in the Stairway Agency of British India. 1 His grandfather was Transcend Gandhi, also called Tutu Gandhi. In May 1883, the 13-year-old Mohammad was married to 14-year-old Austria Making (her first name was usually shortened to Stature, and affectionately to Bal) in an arranged child marriage, according to the custom of the region. ALL] In the process, he lost a year at school. Recalling the day of their marriage, he once said, As we didnt know much about marriage, for us it meant only wearing new clothes, eating sweets and playing with relatives. However, as was prevailing tradition, the adolescent bride was to spend much time at her parents house, and away from her husband. 2] In 1885, even Gandhi w as 15, the couples first child was born, but survived only a few days. Sandhogs father, Grammarian Gandhi, had also died earlier that year. The religious background was eclectic. Sandhogs father was Hindu Made Banana and his mother was from Prename Visional family. Religious figures were frequent visitors to the home. Mohammad and Stature had four more children, all sons: Harlan, born in 1888; Minimal, born in 1892; Ramada, born in 1897; and Devils, born in 1900. 1201 At his middle school in Paperboard and high school in Ratio, Gandhi remained mediocre student. He shone neither in the classroom nor on the playing field. One of the terminal reports rated him as good at English, fair in Arithmetic and weak in Geography; conduct very good, bad handwriting, He passed the matriculation exam at Smalls College in Vinegar, Gujarat, with some difficulty. Sandhogs family wanted him to be a barrister, as it would increase the prospects of succeeding to his fathers post. Gandhi] ( listen); 2 October 1869 -? 30 January 1948), commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi or Papua (Father of Nation), was the preeminent leader of Indian Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the world Education The son of a senior government official, Gandhi was born and raised in a Banana community in coastal Gujarat, and trained in law in London. Gandhi became famous by fighting for the civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Africa, using nevi techniques Of non-violent civil disobedience that he developed. Returning to India in 1915, he set about organizing peasants to protest excessive land-taxes. A lifelong opponent Of communality (i. E. Assign politics on religion) e reached out widely to all religious groups. He became a leader of Muslims protesting the declining Status Of the Caliphate. Assuming leadership Of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding womens rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending Swards-?the independence of India from British domination In 1888, Gandhi traveled to London, England, to study law at university College London, where he studied Indian law and jurisprudence and to train as a barrister at the Inner Temple. His time in London was influenced by a vow he had made to his mother pond leaving India, in the presence to again monk, to observe the precepts of abstinence from meat and alcohol as well as of promiscuity. 128] Gandhi tried to adopt English customs, including taking dancing lessons. However, he could not appreciate the bland vegetarian food offered by his landlady and was frequently hungry until he found one of Loons vegetarian restaurants. Influenced by Henry Salts writing, he joined the Vegetarian Society, was elected to its executive committee, and started a local Backwater chapter. 16] Some of the vegetarians he met oeuvre members of the Theosophical Society, which had en founded in 1875 to further universal brotherhood, and which was devoted to the study of Buddhist and Hindu literature. They encouraged Gandhi to join them in reading the Baghdad Gait both in translation as well as in the original. 129] Not having shown interest in religion before, he became interested in religi ous thought. Gandhi was called to the bar in June 1891 and then left London for India, where he learned that his mother had died While he was in London and that his family had kept the news from him. 291 His attempts at establishing a law practice in Bombay failed because he was too shy to speak up in court. He returned to Ratio to make a modest living drafting petitions for litigants, but he was forced to close it when he ran afoul off British In 1893, he accepted a year-long contract from Dada Abdullah ; Co an Indian firm, to a post in the Colony of Natal, South Africa, then part of the British Empire. IN THE DARK CONTINENT Civil rights movement in South Africa (1893-1914) Gandhi was 24 when he arrived in South Africa] to work as a legal representative for the Muslim Indian Traders based in the city of Pretoria. 31] He spent 21 years in South Africa, where he developed his political views, ethics and lattice leadership skills. Purported photograph of Gandhi in South Africa (1895) Indians in South Africa were led by wealthy Muslims, who employed Gandhi as a lawyer, and by impoverished Hindu indentured laborers with very limited rights. Gandhi considered them all to be Indians, taking a lifetime view that Indians transcended religion and caste. He believed he could bridge historic differences, especially regarding religion, and he took that belief back to India Where he tried to implement it. History of Swimming EssayGandhi took Goalies liberal approach based on British Waggish traditions and transformed it to make it look wholly Indian. Gandhi took leadership Of Congress in 1920 and began a steady escalation of demands (with intermittent compromises or pauses) until on 26 January 1930 the Indian National Congress declared the independence Of India. The British did not recognize that and more negotiations ensued. With Congress taking a role in provincial government in the late asses. Gandhi and Congress withdrew their support of the Raja when the Viceroy declared war on Germany in September 1939 without consulting anyone. Tensions escalated until Gandhi demanded immediate independence in 1942 and the British responded by imprisoning him and tens of thousands of Congress leaders for the duration. Meanwhile the Muslim League did cooperate with Britain and moved, against Sandhogs strong opposition, to demands for a totally separate Muslim state of Pakistan. In August 1947 the British partitioned the land, with India and Pakistan each achieving independence on terms Gandhi disapproved. Role in World War I See also: The role of India in World War In April 1918, during the latter part of World War I, the Viceroy invited Gandhi to a War Conference in Delhi. 51] Perhaps to show his support for the Empire and help his case for Indians Gandhi agreed to actively recruit Indians for the war effort. In contrast to the Zulu War of 1306 and the outbreak of World War in 1914, when he recruited volunteers for the Ambulance Corps, this time Gandhi attempted to recruit combatants. In a June 1918 leaflet entitled Appea l for Enlistment, Gandhi wrote To bring about such a state of things eve should have the ability to defend ourselves, that is, the ability to bear arms and to use them. life Vaunt to learn the use Of arms with the greatest possible dispatch, it is our duty to enlist ourselves in the He did, however, stipulate in a letter to the Viceroys private secretary that he personally will not kill or injure anybody, friend or Sandhogs war recruitment aiming brought into question his consistency on nonviolence as his friend Charlie Andrews confirms, Personally I have never been able to reconcile this with his own conduct in other respects, and it is one of the points where have found myself in painful disagreement, [561 Sandhogs private secretary also had acknowledged that The question of the consistency between his creed of Aims (non-violence) and his recruiting campaign was raised not only then but has been discussed ever Champaign and Qaeda Main article: Champaign and Qaeda Straight Gandhi i n 1918, at the time of the Qaeda and Champaign Satyriasis Sandhogs iris major achievements came in 1918 with the Champaign and Qaeda agitations of Briar and Gujarat, The Champaign agitation pitted the local peasantry against their largely British landlords who were backed by the local administration. The peasantry was forced to grow Indigo, a cash crop whose demand had been declining over two decades, and were forced to sell their crops to the planters at a fixed price. Unhappy with this, the peasantry appealed to Gandhi at his ashram in Metadata. Pursuing a strategy of non-violent protest, Gandhi took the administration by surprise and won concessions from the In 1918, Qaeda was hit by floods and famine and the peasantry was demanding relief from taxes. Gandhi moved his headquarters to organizing scores of supporters and fresh volunteers from the region, the most notable being Bilharzias Patella. Losing non. Cooperation as a technique, Gandhi initiated a signature campaign where peasants pledged non-payment of revenue even under the threat of confiscation of land. A social boycott of mallards and dilators (revenue officials within the district) accompanied the agitation. Gandhi worked hard to win public support for the agitation across the country. For five months, the administration refused but finally in end-May 1918, the Government gave way on important provisions and relaxed the conditions of payment of revenue tax until the famine ended. In Qaeda, Valhalla Patella represented the farmers in negotiations with the British, who suspended revenue collection and released all the Skillful movement In 1919 Gandhi, with his weak position in Congress, decided to broaden his base by increasing his appeal to Muslims, The opportunity came from the Skillful increment, a worldwide protest by Muslims against the collapsing status of the Caliph, the leader of their religion. The Ottoman Empire had lost the World War and was dismembered, as Muslims feared for the safety of the holy places and the prestige of their Although Gandhi did not originate the All- India Muslim which directed the movement in India, he soon became its most prominent spokesman and attracted a strong base of Muslim support with local chapters in all Muslim centers in India. His success made him Indians first national leader With a multicultural base and facilitated his rise to power within Congress, which had previously been unable to reach many Muslims. In 1920 Gandhi became a major leader in By the end f 1922 the Skillful movement had collapsed. Non-cooperation Main article: Non-cooperation movement Mahatma Gandhi spinning yarn, in the late asses With Congress now behind him in 1920, Gandhi had the base to employ non- operation, non-violence and peaceful resistance as his weapons in the struggle against the British Raja. His wide popularity among both Hindus and Muslims made his leadership possible; he even convinced the extreme faction of Muslims to support peaceful non-cooperation. The spark that ignited a national protest was overwhelming anger at the Clinically Bag massacre (or Amorists massacre) of hundreds of peaceful civilians by British troops in Punjab. Many Britons celebrated the action as needed to prevent another violent uprising similar to the Rebellion of 1857, an attitude that caused many Indian eaters to decide the Raja was controlled by their enemies. Gandhi criticized both the actions of the British Raja and the retaliatory violence of Indians. He authored the resolution offering condolences to British civilian victims and condemning the riots which, after initial opposition in the party, was accepted following Sandhogs emotional speech advocating his principle that all violence was evil and could not be justified. During this period, Gandhi claimed to be a highly orthodox Hindu and in January 1921 during a speech at a temple in Avatar, he spoke of the relevance of non-cooperation to Hindu Dharma, At this holy place, declare, if you want to protect your Hindu Dharma, non- cooperation is first as well as the last lesson you must learn Substrata Ashram, Sandhogs home in Gujarat In December 1921, Gandhi was invested with exec utive authority on behalf of the Indian National Congress. Under his leadership, the Congress was reorganized with a new constitution, with the goal of Swards_ Membership in the party was penned to anyone prepared to pay a token fee. A hierarchy of committees was set up to improve discipline, transforming the party from an elite organization to one of mass national appeal. Gandhi expanded his non-violence platform to include the Swedish policy-?the boycott of foreign-made goods, especially British goods. Linked to this was his advocacy that shady (homespun cloth) be worn by all Indians instead of British-made textiles.